সমাজ ও সাংবাদিকতা
ce©-1
mgvR I mvsevw`KZv
AwaKvi I MYgva¨g
AwaKvi nj hv gvbyl A‡b¨i ev iv‡óªi KvQ †_‡K
‰ea¨fv‡e `vwe Ki‡Z cv‡i| AwaKvi GKcÖKvi ¯^vaxbZv, GK cÖKvi ÿgZv I we‡k‡l
wbivcËv| gvby‡li KvQ †_‡K G AwaKvimg~‡ni meKwU ev †Kvb GKwU †K‡o wb‡j Zvi gvbe
mËvwU ÿzbœ nq|
‡gŠwjK AwaKvi¸‡jvmn Av‡iv wKQz AwaKvi gvbyl wn‡m‡e
†eu‡Q _vKv I †e‡o IVvi R‡b¨ mviv `ywbqvi gvby‡li cÖvc¨ G¸‡jv‡K GK‡Î e‡j
gvbevwaKvi|
gvbevwaKvi I mvsevw`KZv: gvbevwaKv‡ii welq¸‡jv‡K mvsevw`KZvi †ÿ‡Î Zz‡j aivi bvg
gvbevwaKvi mvsevwaKZv| Gi D‡Ïk¨ n‡”Q gvbevwaKvi j•Nb cÖwZ‡iva gvbevwaKvi
cÖwZôvq RbgZ MVb I Pvc m„wó|
MYgva¨g:
hvi gva¨‡g MYgvby‡li R‡b¨ Z_¨, we‡bv`b, wkÿv BZ¨vw` cÖPvi Kiv nq, hv‡Z
MYgvby‡li AskMÖüY _v‡K Ges MYgvby‡li wPÎ dz‡U I‡V ZvB MYgva¨g| msev`cÎ,
B›Uvi‡bU, †Uwjwfkb, KvU©yb, wm‡bgv, KweZv, bvUK, B‡gj, †iwWI, Ges †cv÷vi BZ¨vw`
nj MYgva¨g|
MYgva¨‡gi KvR: MYgva¨‡gi KvR nj Z_¨ cÖ`vb Kiv ev Rvbv‡bv, m‡PZb Kiv I wkÿv
†`qv, Drmvn I DØy× Kiv Ges we‡bv`b I Avb›` †`qv|
mvsevw`‡Ki KvR: mvsevw`‡Ki KvR nj Z_¨ msMÖn I cÖKvk Kiv| Z_¨ cÖKv‡ki gva¨‡g
mvsevw`K gvbyl‡K mZ¨Uv Rvbvq| G‡Z gvbyl m‡PZb nq|
gvbevw`Kv‡ii
†NvlYvcÎ
(1948 mv‡ji RvwZms‡Ni
gvbevwaKvi mb` Abyhvqx)
aviv-1 eÜbnxb Ae¯’vq Ges mggh©v`v I AwaKvivw`
wb‡q mKj gvblB Rb¥MÖnb K‡i| eyw× I we‡eK Zv‡`i Ac©Y Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges åvZ…Z¡myjf
g‡bvfve wb‡q Zv‡`i G‡K A‡b¨i cÖwZ AvPiY Kiv DwPZ|
aviv-3 cÖ‡Z¨‡KiB RxebaviY, ¯^vaxbZv I e¨vw³
wbivcËvi AwaKvi i‡q‡Q|
aviv-4 KvD‡K `vm wnmv‡e ev `vm‡Z¡ ivLv Pj‡e bv,
mKj cÖKvi `vm cÖ_v I `vm cÖ_v wbwl× _vK‡e|
aviv-6 AvB‡bi mg‡ÿ cÖ‡Z¨‡KiB me©Î e¨vw³ wnmv‡e
¯^xK…wZ jv‡fi AwaKvi i‡q‡Q|
aviv-12 KvD‡K Zvi e¨vw³MZ †MvcbxqZv, cwievi,
emZevwo ev wPwVc‡Îi e¨vcv‡i †Lqvj LywkgZ n¯Í‡ÿc ev m¤§vb mybv‡gi Dci AvµgY Kiv
Pj‡e bv|
aviv-13 cÖ‡Z¨K iv‡ói mxgvbvi g‡a¨ PjvPj I emwZ
¯’vc‡bi AwaKvi cÖ‡Z¨‡KiB i‡q‡Q|
Dbœqb I Dbœqb mvsev`KZv
GKwU ‡`‡k hw` eo eo KjKviLvbv _v‡K wKš‘ mš¿v‡mi
Kvi‡Y cÖwZ eQi eû gvbyl Lyb nq, ‡`‡ki ‡ewki fvM gvbyl †eKvi _v‡K, Zvn‡j wK Zv‡K
Dbœhb ejv hv‡e? Dbœq‡bi wbqg nj ‡h mKj m¤ú` I kw³ Av‡Q Zvi m‡ev©”P e¨envi Ki‡Z
n‡e| †Kvb m¤ú` I kw³‡K Ae‡njv Kiv hv‡e bv| †d‡j ivLv hv‡e bv& Kg e©envi Kiv
hv‡e bv|
A_©‰bwZK DbœwZ, RxebhvÎvi gvb e„w×, Avq
e„w×, fv‡jv LvIqv civ Gme n‡”Q cwigvYMZ Dbœqb| gvby‡li ¸YMy‡jv e„w× cvIqv nj
¸YMZ Dbœqb|
Dbœqb I mvsevw`KZv: Z_¨ Av`vb cÖ`vb Kiv I gvbl‡K
w`Kwb‡`©kbv †`Iqvi KvR cÖavbZ K‡i mvsev`Kiv| ZvB Dbœqb mvsevw`KZvi †ÿÎ nj
Abœ-e‡¯¿i Drcv`b e„w×, wkÿvi cÖmvi, evm¯’v‡bi my‡hvM, wPwKrmvi wbðqZv, A_©‰bwZK
¯^qsm¤úyYZv AR©b BZ¨vw`| Dbœq‡b Z‡_¨i KvR nj wkwÿZ Kiv, wPšÍvgy³ Kiv, wm×všÍ
MÖn‡b mnvqZv Kiv, fve‡Z wkLv‡bv, Ae¯’v I Ae¯’vb cwieZ©‡b mnvqZv Kiv|
MYZš¿
mK‡ji AvšÍwiK I ¯^vaxb AskMÖn‡bi gva¨‡g
bxwZwba©viY ev wm×všÍ I ev¯Íevq‡bi cÖwµqv‡K MYZš¿ ejv †h‡Z cv‡i|
MYZš¿ GKwU hv‡Z Gi AšÍM©Z me©mvavi‡Yi Avkv-AvLv•Lv cÖwZdjb N‡U| MYZš¿
wkÿv we¯Ív‡ii gva¨‡g RbM‡bi m‡PZbZv we¯Ívi K‡i, gvbexq ¸Yvejx e„w× Kiv I gvbexq
AvPi‡Y Af¨¯Í K‡i †Zvjv, Z‡_¨ Aeva cÖev‡ni gva¨‡g †`ke¨vwc †hvMv‡hvM †bUIqv©K
M‡o †Zvjv|
MYZ‡š¿i Dcv`vb: cvi¯úvwiK wPšÍvavivi cÖwZ m¤§vb cÖ`k©b, †hv_wPšÍvi cÖKvk,
Revew`wnZv, ¯^”QZv, gZvgZ cÖKv‡ki ¯^vaxbZv, agx©q g~j¨‡evacÖKv‡ki AwaKvi,
ivR‰bwZK AwaKvi Ges †gŠwjK I gvbe AwaKvi|
Z…Yg~‡ji msev` I
mvsev`KZv
Z„Yg~j nj mgv‡Ri me©wb¤œ chv©q| kªgRxwe I
wb¤œv‡qi †ckvRxex gvbyl‡K Z…Yg~j chv©‡qi gvbyl ejv †h‡Z cv‡i|
mvsevw`‡Ki `vwqZ¡: GKRb mvsevw`‡Ki KvR nj gvbyl‡K Z_¨ Rvbv‡bv, gvbyl‡K wkwÿZ K‡i
†Zvjv, wewfbœ wel‡q I cwiw¯’wZ‡Z RbMY‡K m‡PZb K‡i †Zvjv, RbM‡Yi AvPiYRwbZ
cwieZ©‡bi f~wgKv Ges †hv×vi f~wgKv cvjb K‡i|
mvsevw`‡Ki ¸Y: GKRb mvsevw`‡K A‡bK ¸Yvewj AR©b Ki‡Z nq| GKRb mvsevw`K n‡eb
DrmwM©Z, K‡Vvi cwikªwg, mvnmx gvby‡li cÖwZK, †KŠZ~jx gvbyl, eyw×gvb gvbyl,
†Kvkjx I K~Ueyw×, imÁvb m¤úbœ Ges †bZ…Z¡ `v‡bi ÿgZv| wZwb GKRb mgvR ms¯‹vi‡Ki
f~wgKv cvjb K‡ib|
mvsevw`KZvi bxwZgvjv
mvsevw`KZv GKwU †ckv| RvZxq I AvšÍR©vwZK chv©‡q
Zuv‡K wekvj `vwqZ¡ enb Ki‡Z nq| ZvB Zuv‡K wKQy bxwZgvjv †g‡b Pj‡Z nq|
bxwZmg~n nj iæwP msiÿY, wbi‡cÿZv, ÿgZv I AwaKv‡ii Ace¨venvi bv Kiv, m~‡Îi
wek¦vm‡hvM¨Zv, e¨vw³ Rxe‡b n¯Í‡ÿc bv Kiv, KvD‡K †nq cÖwZcbœ bv Kiv, AvB‡bi cÖwZ
kª×vkxjZv, msMwVZ RbgZ MVb Kiv, msKxY© `jxq ivRbxwZ cwinvi Kiv Ges †`vlx e¨vw³
m¤ú‡K© m‡PZb gšÍe¨ Kiv|
gvbnvwb
AvB‡bi `„wó‡Z cwÎKvi †Kvb †jLv, K_v, I wPÎ
cÖKv‡ki gva¨‡g mswkøó e¨vw³i mybvg bó Kiv‡K gvbnvwb ejv nq| gvbnvwb `yB cÖKvi
1. Acev`: †gŠwLKfv‡e †Kvb gvbyl‡K wb›`v Kiv‡K nj Acev` 2.Ac‡jL:
wjwLZfv‡e †Kvb gvbyl‡K wb›`v Kiv nj Ac‡jL| Ac‡jL `yB cÖKvi K) cÖZ¨ÿ:
mivmwi e¨vw³i weiæ‡× wee„wZ L) c‡ivÿ Ac‡jL: mivmwi †Kvb AvcwËKi
wee„wZ Dc¯’vcb bv Kiv|
ce©-2
msev`, wi‡cvw©Us
msev` n‡”Q hv bZzb, Zvrch©c~Y, hv cÖKvk‡hvM¨ Ges
hv Rvbvi R‡b¨ gvby‡li AvMÖn i‡q‡Q| KzKzo gvbyl‡K Kvgov‡j msev` nq bv wKš‘ gvbyl
KzKzo‡K Kvgov‡j msev` n‡e| MÖv‡gi 115 eQi e„× gviv †M‡Q| GwU GKwU msev`‡hvM¨
NUbv KviY Lye Kg gvbylB 115 eQi ‡eu‡P _v‡K|
msev` Dcv`vb: ZvrÿwYZv,we®§q ˆbKU¨, cÖwmw×, Zvrch©g cwiYwZ, gvbevwaKvi Av‡e`b,
msNvZ, we‡iva, Ø›Ø, mvdj¨, A¯^vwfKZv, A_© I †hŠbZv BZ¨w` nj msev` Dcv`vb|
msev` g~j¨: msev` I msev‡`i ¸iæZ¡ ïaygvÎ eZ©gvb Ae¯’v wePvi K‡iB nq bv|
msev‡`i ¸iæZ¡ wePv‡ii mgq msev‡`i m¤¢ve¨ cwiYwZi welqwU wePvi Kiv nq| Ggb GKwU
Lei fqven n‡Z cv‡i ev fwel¨‡Zi Rb¨ mydj e‡q Avb‡Z cv‡i Ggb n‡j msev`g~j¨ †e‡o
hvq|
msev` Drm
msev‡`i Drm nj cÖZ¨ÿ`kx©, _vbv, nvmcvZvj, wkÿv
Awdm, cixÿv‡K›`ª, evm I †ij †÷kb, †KvU©, †cŠimfv, we`r Awdm, †cÖmK¬ve,
¯^v¯’¨‡K›`ª, MÖvg¨mvwjk/wePvi, agx©q cÖwZôvb, ¯’vbxq RbMY, `wjj cÎ Ges weÁvcb
BZ¨vw`|
¯’vbxq msev‡`i gva¨g nj †Uwj‡dvb, wPwVi gva¨‡g,
e¨vw³MZ m¤ú©K, cÖwZwbwa †cÖiY, msev`Kgx©i gva¨‡g, Ges e¯‘wbô msev` cwi‡ekb
BZ¨vw`| cÖwZ‡e`‡b Dr‡mi D‡jøL Acwinvh©| wKš‘ †ÿÎ we‡k‡l gv‡S Drm‡K †Mvcb Avovj
Ki‡Z nq| Drm hw` Aby‡iva K‡i Zvn‡j Zvi bvg cwiwPwZ †Mvcb ivLv mvsev`‡Ki
`vwqZ¡|
msev` †jLvi KvVv‡gv
Avgv‡`i †`‡k Av‡bK wi‡cvU©vi fvj wjL‡jI A‡b‡K
mwVK KvVv‡gv‡Z msev` cwi‡ekb Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| G Kvi‡Y cvV‡Ki Kv‡Q A‡bK msev`
cvV‡hvM¨ n‡q I‡V bv| msev` KvVv‡gv P‡Ki AvKv‡i mvRv‡j wb¤œiæc n‡e|
m~Pbv
m~Pbvi we¯Ívi
cUf~wg
cÖavb LywUbvwU welq
AcÖavb
LywUbvwU welq
Abvb¨
mvsevw`KZvi m~PbvKv‡j msev` †jLv nZ wcivwgW
KvVv‡gvq| †m mgq mvsevw`‡Ki e¨¯ÍZv Kg wQj| ZvB GB c×wZ‡Z AvcwË I‡Vwb| cieZx©‡Z
msev‡`i AvwaK¨ I cvV‡Ki e¨¯ÍZv evovi mv‡_ mv‡_ GB wbqg Dc‡hvMx bq| ZvB
eZ©gv‡b D‡ëv wcivwgW KvVv‡gv Pvjy n‡q‡Q| AwfÁ mvsev`K e‡jb †h GKwU
cÖwZ‡e`b wjL‡Z †h mgq cÖ‡qvRb Zvi A‡a©‡KiI †ewk m~Pbv wjL‡Z mgq e¨q Ki‡Z nq|
wi‡cvU©v‡ii fvlvÁvb
wi‡cvU©v‡ii †jLv fzj _vK‡j Zv †kl ch©šÍ fzj
_vK‡Z cv‡i| ZvB msev` iPbvi mgq Abvb¨ wel‡qi cvkvcvwk ï×fvlvq †jLvi w`‡K mZK©
_vK‡Z n‡e| cÖ‡qvR‡b fvlv, e¨vKiY I evbvb m¤úwK©Z eBcÎ c‡o wb‡R‡K c¯‘Z Ki‡Z nq|
ce©-3
D”PZi wi‡cvwU©s
Bb‡Wc_& wi‡cvU©
‡Wc_ Gi A_© nj MfxiZi| †Wc_ kã †_‡KB ‡Wc_
wi‡cvw©Us Gi aviYv AbymÜvb Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| ‡Wc_ wi‡cvwU©s Gi A_© nj NUbvi
DcwiZ‡j Dcw¯’Z Z_¨vw`i Mfx‡i cÖ‡ek K‡i cvVK‡K we¯ÍvwiZ cUf~wg I Z_¨vewji m‡½
cwiPq Kwi‡q †`qv| GwU nj NUbvi †cQ‡bi NUbv‡K, Z‡_¨i †cQ‡bi Z_¨‡K, DcwiZ‡jii
wb‡P jyKv‡bv ggv©_‡K †ei Kivi cÖqvmg~jK cÖwZ‡e`b| †Wc_ wi‡cvwU©s G Dcw¯’ _v‡K
wZbwU welq| h_v: cUf~wg; e¨vL¨v I we‡kølY| ‡Wc_ wi‡cvwU©s G cuvPwU cÖkœ ÔKÕ Ges
†Kb Gi ¸iæZ¡ †`qv nq GB cÖwZ‡e`‡b| myZivs †Wc_ wi‡cvwU©s nj wK, †Kb Gi wee„wZ
Kiv|
e¨vL¨vg~jK cÖwZ‡e`b
e¨vL¨vg~jK cÖwZ‡e`b †Kvb mywbw`©ó NUbvi †cÖwÿ‡Z
iwPZ n‡Z cv‡i, Avevi †Kvb mvgwqK NUbv QvovI iwPZ n‡Z cv‡i| we‡kl †Kvb Bmy¨‡K
Dc¯’vcb Kivi Rb¨ KL‡bv KL‡bv msev`c‡Î e¨vL¨vg~jK cÖwZ‡e`b cÖKvk K‡i|
e¨vL¨vg~jK cÖwZ‡e`‡bi KvVv‡gv: e¨vL¨vg~jK cÖwZ‡e`‡bi †Kvb wbw`ó KvVv‡gv †bB| Z‡e K‡qKwU Dcv`v‡b
Av‡jvKcvV Kiv hvq Zv nj ¸iæmsev`, cUf~wg, e¨vL¨v, cieZx© e¨vL¨v, fwel¨r
c~ev©fvl`vb Ges NUbv cieZx© NUbv eY©bv| e¨vL¨vi Rb¨ GKRb mvsevw`K ‡h‡Z nq
NUbv ch©šÍ| ZvB Zuv‡K `ÿ, mr Ges AwfÁ n‡Z nq|
AbymÜvbx cÖwZ‡e`b
MfxiZv cÖwZ‡e`‡bi GKwU kvLv nj AbymÜvbx
cÖwZ‡e`b| AbymÜvbx mvsevw`KZv Avm‡j GK cÖKvi Z_¨ D‡b¥vPb cÖwµqv| AbymÜvbx
wi‡cvwU©s n‡”Q †Mvcb Z_¨ †ei K‡i Avbvi GKUv PgrKvi jÿ¨‡f`x nvwZqvi| GLv‡b
cÖwZ‡e`‡Ki wbR¯^ gZvg‡Zi †Kvb RvqMv †bB| AbymÜvb wi‡cvwU©s nj Ab¨vq, AZ¨vPvi,
ÿgZvi Ace¨envi, `ybx©wZ, A_© AvZ¥mvZ, wbqgewn©f©~Z KvR BZ¨vw`| Gi D‡Ïk¨ nj ivóª
I mgv‡Ri Am½wZ, Ae¨e¯’v, ‰elg¨ `yb©xwZ, A¯^vfvweKZv I Am½wZi wPÎ Rbmvai‡Yi
mvg‡b Z‡j aiv|
ce©-4
gvbweK Av‡e`bg~jK
cÖwZ‡e`b I wdPvi
gvbweK Av‡e`Kg~jK cÖwZ‡e`‡b gvby‡li g~jmyiwU‡K
Zz‡j aiv nq| G ai‡Yi cÖwZ‡e`‡b cvV‡Ki g‡a¨ nvwm-Kvbœv, ‡ÿvf I N„Yv RvMvq| gvbyl
I mgvR Gi cÖavb welq| G‡Z _v‡K AvKl©Yxq I cÖvY¯úk©x eY©bv| †jLvi aiY n‡e
wdPv‡ii gZ| G‡Z †ewkifvM mgv‡Ri mgm¨v Zz‡j aiv nq| Avevi Avb›`I _v‡K| G‡Z
KziæwPc~Y© D‡ËRK eY©bv †Kvbfv‡eB Kvw•LZ bq| K‡qKwU m~Î _vbv, Av`vjZ, KvivMvi,
nvmcvZvj, †Ljvi gvV, ¯‹zj Ges w_‡qUvi BZ¨vw`|
wdPvi
wdPvi nj gvbweK Av‡e`b mg„× GK we‡kl ai‡bi iPbv|
GUv Ggb GK ai‡bi iPbv hv cvV‡Ki g‡b †Kvb bv †Kvb Av‡e`b m„wó K‡i| †h †Kvb mgq
Ges †h †Kvb welq wb‡q wdPvi †jLv †h‡Z cv‡i| wdPvi †jLvq gvbweK Av‡e`b m„wó Ki‡Z
n‡e, †hLv‡b _vK‡e Av‡eM fvjevmv, N„Yv, we®§q, †ÿvf, †µva, †e`bv, ‡KŠZ~nj, fxwZ,
†KŠZzK BZ¨vw`i weeiY hv gvbyl‡K nvmv‡Z cv‡i, Kv`v‡Z cv‡i, kswKZ Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges
†KŠZ~nj m„wó Ki‡Z cv‡i GKB mv‡_ Av‡eM‡K RvMÖZ K‡i| wdPvi †jLvi ÷vBj nj Mí ejvi
÷vBj| Mí wKfv‡e ej‡j †kÖvZv-cvVK cQ›` Ki‡e †mUv wbf©i K‡i M‡íi Dci| wdPv‡ii
wk‡ivbv‡g PviwU Dcv`vb _vKv `iKvi 1. AvKl©Yxq 2. wbfz©j 3. mswÿß 4. e¯‘wbô|
wdPv‡i mnR, mij I cÖvÄj fvlv e¨venvi Ki‡Z n‡e|
ce©-5
mvsevw`KZvq mvÿvrKvi
mvÿvrKvi nj `yRb e¨vw³i g‡a¨ †hvMv‡hvM I Avjvc|
mvÿvrKv‡ii gva¨‡g †Kvb e¨vw³i, welq ev NUbv m¤ú©‡K Z_¨ msMÖ‡ni Dcvq| mvÿvrKvi
MÖnYKvix msev` cÖ‡Îi cÿ †_‡K cvV‡Ki n‡q ‡cÖwiZ GKRb we‡kl `~Z| wZwb cÖL¨vZ
e¨w³‡`I cÖkœ K‡ib Ges DËi wjwce× K‡ib|mvÿvrKvi wbf©i K‡i mvsevw`‡Ki mvÿvrKvi
cwiPvjbv I cÖkœ Kivi †KŠk‡ji Dci| mvÿvrKv‡ii ¸iæZ¡ nj e³vi e³e¨‡K ûeû Zz‡j aivq
cvV‡Ki mv‡_ AvwZ¥K m¤úK© M‡o I‡V| weZwK©Z wel‡q `vwqZ¡kxj e¨vw³i Awfg‡Z cvVK
Avk¦¯’ nq| bZzb Avwe®‹vi, c×wZ, a¨vb avibv mn‡R e¨vL¨v Kiv hvq| mvrKvi MÖn‡bi
Rb¨ wKQz wbqg ev c×wZ Av‡Q| mwVK mg‡q nvwRi nIqv, mnRfv‡e Avjvc Av‡jvPbv
Kiv, †bvU Kivi AbygwZ PvIqv, h_Zv_© cÖkœ Kiv, mvÿvrKvi `vZv‡K g~j avivq a‡I
ivLv, Ad `¨v †iKW© †g‡b Pjv Ges mvÿvrKvi †k‡l ab¨ev` Rvbv‡bv|
ce©-6
m¤úv`Kxq I m¯úv`bv
Msev`c‡Î m¤úv`Kxq cvZv msev`c‡Î AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡cyY©
Ask| m¤úv`Kxq nj cywÎKvi bxwZ wbaviYx †jLv hv‡Z †mB cwÎKvi bxwZ cÖwZdwjZ
nq|mgmvgwqK NUbv I Rb¸iæZ¡c~Y© wel‡q mvaviYZ m¤úv`Kxq †jLv n‡q _v‡K| m¤úv`Kxq
Kjv‡g wewfbœ wel‡q gZvgZ e¨³ Kiv mnR bq| Avi ZvB whwb m¤úv`Kxq †j‡Lb Zuv‡K n‡Z
nq we‡klÁ e¨vw³| †Kbbv Zv‡K m¤úv`Kxq‡Z we‡kølYg~jK †jLv wjL‡Z nq| we‡lk wel‡q
m¤úv`K hw` g‡b K‡ib †h GB wel‡q RbMb‡K AewnZ Kiv cÖ‡qvRb Zvn‡j †mB wel‡q
m¤úv`Kxq †jLv P‡j| †hgb GBWm m¤ú‡K© RbMb‡K m‡PZb Kiv| m¤úv`Kxq †jLv mnR mvejxj
fvlvi e¨venvi AwaK MÖnY‡hvM¨|
mnm¤úv`bv
hZÿb ch©šÍ †Kvb msev` Kwc‡Z mn- m¤úv`‡Ki Kj‡gi
†Qvqv bv jvM‡j ZZÿb ch©šÍ †Kvb KwcB cÖKvwkZ welq wnmv‡e MÖnY‡hvM¨ nq bv|
wi‡cvU©v‡ii P~ovšÍ Kwc w`‡q mnm¤úv`‡Ki KvR ïiænq| wi‡cvU©v‡ii KvR †hLv‡b †kl mn
m¤úv`‡Ki KvR †mLv‡b ïiæ| mnm¤úv`‡Ki KvR nj msev` evQvB Kiv, Kwc KvUQvU,
Kwc ïw×KiY I gvbDbœqb, wk‡ivbvg, cwÎKvi bxwZ AbymiY, Abyev`, wPÎ m¤úv`bv I
K¨vckb iPbv, c„óvm¾v Ges cÖæd ms‡kvab BZ¨vw`|
msev` wk‡ivbvg
wk‡ivbvg msev`c‡Îi AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq| cÖwZwU
msev‡`I cwiwPwZ ev g~j Ask ms‡ÿ‡c wk‡ivbv‡gi gva¨‡g Zy‡j aiv nq| wk‡ivbv‡gi g~j
D‡Ïk¨ nj wk‡ivbvg msev`‡K ms‡ÿwcZ K‡i, wk‡ivbvg msev‡`I cÖwZ cvV‡Ki AvMÖn m„wó
K‡i, wk‡ivbvg msev`g~‡j¨I Dci wfwË K‡I msev‡`I Zzjbvg~jK ¸iæZ¡ wePvi K‡i Ges
wk‡ivbvg cwÎKvi †mŠ›`h© evovq| wk‡ivbvg hZ mnR, mswÿß I mvejxj n‡e cvV‡Ki Kv‡Q
Gi MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv ZZ e„w× cv‡e| wk‡ivbvg wewfbœ ai‡bi n‡q _v‡K †hgb e¨vbvi djvI
wk‡ivbvg. ¯‹vBjvBb, ‡d¬k †jdU, †d¬k ivBU, µm jvBb wk‡ivbvg, I‡q÷ jvBb wk‡ivbvg
Ges e¨vsK I †WK wk‡ivbvg|
c„óvm¾v
weÁvcb wbDR Kfv‡iR, msev` evQvB, m¤úv`bv I
wk‡ivbvg †jLv Gm‡ei cvkvcvwk Dchy³ gy`ªb KvVv‡gvMZ bK&ªmv n‡jB Z‡e
GKUv msev` c·K gvbm¤úbœ ejv †h‡Z cv‡i| msev`c‡Îi c„óv m¾v D‡Ïk¨ nj
cVb‡hvM¨Zv e„w× Kiv, msev‡`i †kªYx ev †MÖW wbY©q Kiv, cwÎKvi cvZv AvKl©Yxq I
g‡bvAvMÖnx Kiv| c„óm¾vi K‡qKwU wfwË i‡q‡Q 1. wifvm© 6, †RWË¡, 3.
†KŠwYK Aeqe| c×wZMZ c„óvm¾v‡K `yBfv‡M fvM Kiv hvq- Djø¤^ I
Avbyf~wgK|
mvsevw`KZvi cwifvlv
msevw`‡Ki †ckvq wKQy kã Av‡Q hv ïay GB †ckvq
wb‡qvwRZ e¨vw³ivB e¨venvi K‡i _v‡K| G iKg wKQz kã nj †bg‡cøU, ‡dvwjI, wk‡ivbvg,
e¨vbvi, GW, GWW, A¨vmvBb‡g›U, weU, evBjvBb, ey‡jwUb, eKª, K¨vckb, wcKª,
mgq‡iLv, mgqNvZ, gM©, gv÷ †nW, Rv¤ú †nW, jxW, jxW †÷vwi, Ad`¨v †iKW©m,
†ÎæwWU jvBb, wcÖ›Uvm© jvBb, ¯œ¨vc,Kve, dªxj¨vÝ, Bb‡WKª Ges d‡jv Avc|
msev`c‡Îi evbvb-ixwZ
‡`‡ki AwaKvsk cwÎKv evbv‡bi mywbw`ó wbqg †g‡b
Pjvi e¨vcv‡I A‡bKUv D`vmxb| G Ae¯’vi cwieZ©b nIqv Avek¨K| weKí nq‡Zv G‡Kev‡i
cwinvi Kiv hv‡ebv wKš‘ h_vmva¨ Zv Kwg‡q Avbv `iKvi| GBme Kvi‡b evsjv GKv‡Wgx
evsjv evbv‡bi eZ©gvb wbqg wba©viY K‡i‡Q| evsjv GKv‡Wgx †jLK, mvsevw`K, wkÿK,
eyw×Rxex Ges we‡klfv‡e msev` cθwj‡K Ges miKvwi I †emiKvwi mKj cÖwZôvb‡K GB
evbvb e¨env‡ii mycvwik I Aby‡iva K‡i‡Q| Zrmg A_v©r evsjv fvlvq e¨veüZ AweK…Z
ms¯‹„Z k‡ãi evbvb h_vh_ I Awiew©ZZ _vK‡e| KviY GBme k‡ãi evbvb I c×wZ wbw`©ó
i‡q‡Q| Z‡e GB evbvb ixwZ‡Z †hme †ÿ‡Î e¨wZµg cÖ¯ÍvweZ n‡q‡Q, Zv Abym„Z n‡e|
me©bvg c`iæ‡c Ges we‡klY I wµqv we‡klY c`iæ‡c Kx kãwU C Kvi w`‡q
†jLv n‡e| Bs‡iwR †_‡K AvMZ s eY© ev aŸwbi R‡b¨ m Ges sh,
sion, ssion, tion, cÖf…wZ eY©¸”Q ev aŸwbi R‡b¨ k e¨veüZ n‡e|
ce©-7
msev` cÎ cÖKvkbv I
e¨e¯’cbv
msev`c‡Îi ¯^q¤¢iZv
¯’vbxq msev`cÎ
msev`cÎ cÖwZôvb‡K ïay mvgvwRK †¯^”Qv‡mevg~jK cÖwZôvb wnmv‡e bv
†`‡L GKwU wkí ev evwYwR¨K cÖwZôvb wn‡m‡eB †`L‡Z n‡e| G‡Z D‡`¨v³vi g‡b GKwU
evwYwR¨K jvf ÿwZi wµqv Ki‡e| GKRb m¤úv`K ev D‡`¨vKZv‡K †h welq¸wji cÖwZ wekl
hZ¡evb n‡Z n‡e Zv nj Kgx©. Awdm e¨e¯’cbv Ges Avw_©K cwiKíbv| msev`cÎ cÖwZôvb
cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ `iKvi `ÿ I k„•Ljve× Kg©xevwnbx Ges Kg©xevwnbx‡K c_ wb‡`©kbvi Rb¨
cÖ‡qvRb wbqgbxwZi|
msev`
MVb KvVv‡gv
msev`c‡Îi e¨e¯’vcbv‡K ev¯Íevqb Kivi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb
A‡_©i Ges A_©‡K mywbw`©ó w`Kwb‡©`kbvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb myweb¨vm c~e© cwiKíbv|
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